In 2021 EMADDC has developed a new processing system with several improvements from the previous system including improved corrections and data handling. The new system uses a large database for all data storage instead of operating file-based and per data-stream file handling. The database allows to blend all streams together and hence benefit from the increased data volume to create better corrections but also to mark duplicate observations due to geographical overlap between data streams.
In order to facilitate the increase in data volume the EMADDC team has developed new output data formats and decided to terminate the NetCDF format that was not in use by any of the users. As a result only raw text files (ASCII) and the WMO BUFR AMDAR version 7 format are provided to data users. Data will become available every 15 minutes where in the future a higher update rate is foreseen.
Note that all times references by EMADDC are in UTC!!
Below a description of the ASCII and BUFR formats used by EMADDC.
The ASCII file format contains the following parameters dtg, Mid, lat, long, fl, wspd, wdir, temp and phase similar to version 1.6 but now extended with roll angle, source, sic, wl_flag and qc_flag. A description of these parameters is found in the table below. Currently, EMADDC only provides output observations that have passed quality control and hence the qc_flag will always be 0 but this will change in the future.
To distinguish between derived Mode-S EHS observations and MRAR observations, two files are provided:
- EMADDC_KNMI_<YMD>_<HM>_<YMD>_<YM>.txt
(e.g., EMADDC_KNMI_20201204_1315_20201204_1329.txt)
- EMADDC_KNMI_MRAR_<YMD>_<HM>_<YMD>_<YM>.txt.
Both files are found in different folders, being ehs and mrar respectively on FTP. In case no MRAR file is present for a certain timestamp, this is likely the result of lack of data and not a processing error, unless the corresponding ehs file is also missing.
Important notice: the MRAR data output is not quality controlled and provides the wind and temperature as provided by the aircraft and as received by the receivers.
The first time indicates the time of the first observation in the file and the second time indicates the time of last observation. Observations are sorted dy date and time (dtg).
In certain cases, for example due to quality control, certain parameters are invalid and hence are marked with a NaN (Not a Number) value.
Also new in the ASCII files is a three line header (lines starting with a #) to indicate the software version used to produce the file, the correction method being used and a row indicating the parameter in each column. The latter should help processing the proper columns and to avoid mismatches:
- Software Version: <tag> + <latest tag/master hash>, e.g, release_2.21184256 where release_2.2 is the tag and 184256 is the hash. EMADDC tag versions are always of the form release_x.y,
- CorMethod: mhdgTas (or any other string description)
- Columns header: dtg, Mid, lat, long, fl, wspd, wdir, temp, phase, roll angle, source, sic, wl_flag, qc_flag
|
Description
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Source
|
Remark
|
|
DateTime
|
dtg
|
YYYYMMDD HHMMSS
|
Radar / GPS receiver
|
|
|
Anonymous Aircraft Mode-S ID ('M'+24-bit)
|
Mid
|
Mxxxxxx
|
BDS 2.X / Radar
|
|
|
Latitude
|
lat
|
deg (DDD.dddd)
|
Radar / ADS-B
|
|
|
Longitude
|
lon
|
deg (DDD.dddd)
|
Radar / ADS-B
|
|
|
Flight Level
|
fl
|
FL
|
Mode-C/S
|
|
|
Wind Speed
|
wspd
|
kts
|
EHS: Derived MRAR: BDS 4.4
|
(Caution: BUFR output of wspd is in m/s) |
|
Wind Direction
|
wdir
|
deg
|
EHS: Derived MRAR: BDS 4.4 |
|
|
Temperature
|
temp
|
Kelvin
|
EHS: Derived MRAR: BDS 4.4 |
|
|
Phase
|
phase
|
3, 5, 6
|
Calculated
|
See BUFR detailed phase of flight definition below
|
|
Roll Angle
|
ra
|
deg (- left turn)
|
BDS 5.0
|
|
|
Source
|
source
|
-
|
Filename
|
|
|
SIC (Station Identification Code)
|
sic
|
-
|
station ID
|
|
|
Whitelisted
|
wl_flag
|
-
|
Calculated
|
0 = wind and temp whitelisted
1 = wind not whitelisted temp whitelisted
2 = wind whitelisted temp not whitelisted
3 = wind not whitelisted temp not whitelisted
4 = whitelisting not performed
|
|
QC Flag
|
qc_flag
|
-
|
Calculated
|
For now qc_flag = 0
|
Example output fiile: EHS / MRAR
A dedicated ADD BUFR format is currently not available so the EMADDC team focused on providing the same parameters of the ASCII file in the BUFR file by expanding descriptors to the WMO AMDAR v7 format. The new EMADDC BUFR format contains the following parameters dtg, Mid, lat, long, fl, wspd, wdir, temp, phase, similar to version 1.6 but extended with descriptors to add roll angle quality, source, sic, wl_flag and qc_flag. A description of these parameters is found in the table below including the descriptors used to add the data to the files. Currently EMADDC provides only output observations that have passed quality control and hence the qc_flag will always be 0 but this will change in the future.
To distinguish between derived Mode-S EHS observations and MRAR observations, two files are provided:
- EMADDC_KNMI_<YMD>_<HM>_<YMD>_<YM>.bufr
(e.g., EMADDC_KNMI_20201204_1315_20201204_1329.bufr)
- EMADDC_KNMI_MRAR_<YMD>_<HM>_<YMD>_<YM>.bufr.
Important notice: the MRAR data output is not quality controlled and provides the wind and temperature as provided by the aircraft and as received by the receivers. (EHS and MRAR files are found in different folders in the outbound folder on FTP).
Date and time in the filename follow the same convention as the ASCII files. The first time indicates the time of the first observation in the file and the second time indicates the time of last observation. Observations are sorted dy date and time (dtg).
AMRAR files use 148 for the dataSubCategory and the non-MRAR files use 147.
To provide the same header information a few more descriptors have been added per subset/observation. This is necessary as unfortunately the BUFR header does not contain descriptors for this purpose . To reduce file size, EMADDC now uses subsets which are currently maximized at 100 but will increase in the future to reduce file size even further.
The table below contains all descriptors in the WMO AMDAR v7 format that data is written to and the added descriptors as an extension. Hence, the used descriptors are 311010 extended with 25061, 1015, 1022, 1065, 33002. For code tables, see https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=4120 and https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/ECC/WMO%3D33+element+table and is based on Master Table Version 33.
| |
|
|
Description
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Remark
|
|
0
|
01
|
008
|
Aircraft registration number or other identification
|
Mid
|
|
anonymous mode-s 24-bit id (same Mid assigned to all obs from same aircraft)
|
|
3
|
01
|
011
|
Year, month, day
|
dtg
|
|
|
|
3
|
01
|
013
|
Hour, minute, second
|
dtg
|
|
|
|
3
|
01
|
021
|
Latitude/longitude (high accuracy)
|
lat, lon
|
deg
|
|
|
0
|
07
|
010
|
Flight Level (Pressure Altitude)
|
fl
|
m
|
|
|
0
|
08
|
009
|
Detailed phase of flight
|
phase
|
code
|
intentionally UNSTEADY is not supported by EMADDC as this would remove ASC/DESC information
Steadiness can be read from Aircraft roll angle quality instead
|
|
0
|
11
|
001
|
Wind direction
|
wdir
|
deg
|
wl_flag in associatedField (0, WL; 1, no-WL)
|
|
0
|
11
|
002
|
Wind speed
|
wspd
|
m/s
|
wl_flag in associatedField (0, WL; 1, no-WL, Caution: ASCII output of wspd is in knots)
|
|
0
|
02
|
064
|
Aircraft roll angle quality
|
ra
|
code
|
abs(ra) > 90 → 5, abs(ra) > 5 → 1, else 0
|
|
0
|
12
|
101
|
Temperature/air temperature
|
temp
|
K
|
wl_flag in associatedField (0, WL; 1, no-WL)
|
|
Extension:
|
|
0
|
01
|
015
|
Station or Site Name
|
sic
|
|
|
|
0
|
01
|
022
|
Name of Feature
|
correction
|
|
provides the name of corrections applied to produce the observations
|
|
0
|
01
|
065
|
ICAO Region Identifier
|
source
|
|
|
|
0
|
33
|
002
|
Quality Information
|
qc_flag
|
|
For now; qc_flag = 0
|
|
0
|
25
|
061
|
Software Version Number
|
version
|
|
repeated for each obs and only 12 chars available, e.g, release_2.21 where release_2.2 is the tag and 1 is first number of the hash (see above).
|
Example output file: EHS / MRAR